Standardize logging and error handling

- Introduce new types: LoggedResult and LoggedError
- Introduce new extension methods to log and add additional msgs
- Never exit when logging error messages in Rust (all errors should be
  handled by using Result and Rust's error propagation)
- Remove all usages of anyhow as it doesn't fit Magisk's use cases

native/src/base/lib.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ mod xwrap;
 pub mod ffi {
     #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
     pub enum LogLevel {
+        ErrorCxx,
         Error,
         Warn,
         Info,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ pub mod ffi {
     }
 
     extern "Rust" {
+        #[rust_name = "log_from_cxx"]
         fn log_with_rs(level: LogLevel, msg: &[u8]);
         fn exit_on_error(b: bool);
         fn set_log_level_state(level: LogLevel, enabled: bool);